Chemistry STPM Sem 2 - Chapter 5 Group 14

11 Group 14	Candidates should be able to:
11.1 Physical properties of Group 14 elements	(a) explain the trends in physical properties (melting points and electrical conductivity) of Group 14 elements: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb.
11.2 Tetrachlorides and oxides of Group 14 elements	(a) explain the bonding and molecular shapes of the tetrachlorides of group 14 elements; (b) explain the volatility, thermal stability and hydrolysis of tetrachlorides in terms of structure and bonding; (c) explain the bonding, acid-base nature and the thermal stability of the oxides of oxidation states +2 and +4.
11.3 Relative stability of +2 and +4 oxidation states of Group 14 elements	(a) explain the relative stability of +2 and +4   oxidation states of the elements in their oxides, chlorides and aqueous cations.
11.4 Silicon, silicone and silicates	(a) describe the structures of silicone and silicates (pyroxenes and amphiboles), sheets (mica) and framework structure (quartz) (general formulae are not required); (b) explain the uses of silicon as a semiconductor and silicone as a fluid, elastomer and resin; (c) describe the uses of silicates as basic materials for cement, glass, ceramics and zeolites.
11.5 Tin alloys	(a) describe the uses of tin in solder and pewter.

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